How to compare schemas in Toad?

Open two connections like "HR" and "HRNEW" -> Database -> Compare -> Schemas -> Define Source and Target Schemas -> Select Object Types in "Object Types to Compare" -> Check and Set "Stop when # of differences reaches" option to more than "1000" like "10000" in "Misc Options" tab -> Click "Run" image -> Check script in "Sync Script" -> Lastly click "Move Script to Editor and Run Now" button -> That's all :)

How to export/import schema/table with Oracle Data Pump?

Define new user:
SQL> CREATE USER NEWHR
  IDENTIFIED BY newhr
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
  TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
  PROFILE DEFAULT
  ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

SQL>
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO NEWHR;
GRANT ALTER SESSION TO NEWHR;
GRANT CONNECT TO NEWHR;
GRANT RESOURCE TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE DATABASE LINK TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE SEQUENCE TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE TYPE TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE TABLE TO NEWHR;
GRANT CREATE TRIGGER TO NEWHR;

Check current Oracle directories
SQL> select * from dba_directories;

Define new/replace new Oracle Directory
SQL> create or replace directory export_dir AS 'C:\Alper_ORACLE';

Give grants to user
SQL> grant read, write on directory export_dir to hr;

Export the schema
expdp hr/hr schemas=hr directory=export_dir dumpfile=hr.dmp logfile=hr.log

Export tables
expdp hr/hr tables=employees,employees_new directory=export_dir dumpfile=hr_table.dmp logfile=hr.log

Give grants to new user
SQL> grant read, write on directory export_dir to newhr;

Import schema to new machine
impdp newhr/newhr schemas=hr remap_schema=hr:newhr directory=export_dir dumpfile=hr.dmp logfile=hr.log

Import tables to new machine
impdp newhr/newhr tables=employees,employees_new remap_schema=hr:newhr directory=export_dir dumpfile=hr_table.dmp logfile=hr_table.log

If local storage is not enough to locate export file, use database link
e.g.
HR located in A machine 
NEWHR located in B machine
"XE" is A's machine DB link connection 

On B machine:
SQL> grant create database link to newhr;

SQL> create database link old_hr connect to hr identified by "HR" using 'XE';

To check db link;
SQL> select * from v$instance@XE;

impdp newhr/newhr DIRECTORY=export_dir NETWORK_LINK=old_hr remap_schema=hr:newhr logfile=newhr.log

What are database startup options?

SQL> STARTUP
--> starts normally

SQL> STARTUP nomount
--> starts as nomount mode

SQL> STARTUP restrict
--> start as restrict mode

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION
--> unlock restrict mode

SQL> STARTUP force
--> tries to ignore startup issues

SQL> STARTUP open recover
--> starts as recover mode

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY
--> starts as read only mode

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE
--> starts unrestricted mode

In extra:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION
--> enable restrict mode 

How to enable debug mode?

SQL> GRANT DEBUG CONNECT SESSION TO hr;
SQL> GRANT DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE TO hr;

Lastly, reconnect to the session and try again :)

PLS-00201 Solution

Error
PLS-00201: identifier 'TABLE_ALPER' must be declared

Solution
Define public synonym for identifier
e.g.
SQL>
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM TABLE_ALPER
FOR HR.TABLE_ALPER;

How to truncate a folder in Outlook?

Right mouse click on desired folder -> Select "Delete All" -> Click "Yes" -> Done! :)

ORA-01578 solution (if object is INDEX)

Error

ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 100, block # 50000)

Solution

Find the object that was corrupted:

SQL> 

SELECT SEGMENT_TYPE, OWNER || '.' || SEGMENT_NAME
  FROM DBA_EXTENTS
 WHERE FILE_ID = 100 AND 50000 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

Then re-create index or indexes:

SQL> drop index alper_index_pk;

SQL> 

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX HR.ALPER_INDEX_PK ON HR.EMPLOYEES

(EMPLOYEE_ID)

LOGGING

TABLESPACE INDEX_TS

PCTFREE    10

INITRANS   2

MAXTRANS   255

STORAGE    (

            INITIAL          64K

            NEXT             1M

            MAXSIZE          UNLIMITED

            MINEXTENTS       1

            MAXEXTENTS       UNLIMITED

            PCTINCREASE      0

            BUFFER_POOL      DEFAULT

            FLASH_CACHE      DEFAULT

            CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT

           )

NOPARALLEL;

How to get AWR report as html file?

Generate Snapshots
SQL> EXEC DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.create_snapshot;
-> Run this SQL as twice (at the begin and at the end)

Get Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) as HTML format
Login -> Targets -> Databases -> Click Database -> Performance -> AWR -> AWR Report -> Select By Snapshot -> Click Generate Report -> Click Save to File -> Done :)

How to add target manually in 12c EM ?

Prepare the 12c EM server
# vi /etc/hosts
10.10.10.10 alperdb.com
-> remote machine (agent) IP and hostname

Prepare the environment (at new host)
# useradd grid12 -g dba
# vi /etc/hosts
10.10.10.2 grid12.com 
-> Current grid12 server machine IP and hostname

# vi /etc/sudoers
grid12 ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL
grid12 ALL=(ALL) ALL

# vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/home/grid12/oraInventory
inst_group=dba

# passwd grid12
-> password: grid12

# sudo su - grid12
$ mkdir /home/grid12/oraInventory

Adding Host
Login -> Setup from top-right corner -> Add Target -> Add Target Manually -> Add Host -> Installation Base Directory: /home/grid12/agent -> Instance Directory field will be filled automatically -> 

Configure Agent
Login -> Setup from top-right corner -> Add Target -> Add Target Manually -> Select Add Targets Declaratively by Specifying Target Monitoring Properties -> Target Type: Database Instance, Monitoring Agent: 10.10.10.10:3872 -> Target Name: ALPERDB, Database System: ALPERDB, Oracle Home Path: echo $ORACLE_HOME, Port: 1521 -> Click Test Connection -> Submit -> Done! :)

ORA-27102 solution

Error
SQL> startup;
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device 

Solution
$ vi /etc/sysctl.conf  
edit kernel.shmall, kernel.shmmax, kernel.shmmni parameter
e.g.
$ getconf PAGE_SIZE 
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
(4096) * (524288) = 2147483648 (2 GB)
kernel.shmall = 2147483648 
kernel.shmmax = 21474836480
kernel.shmmni = 4096

# sysctl -p
apply the settings

Alternative link: http://ozsoyler.blogspot.com/2014/10/how-to-set-shmmax-value-and-what-is-that.html

How to import old Toad profile for new one?

• Export old User Files from %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Quest Software
• Import them to %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Quest Software under User Files folder

How to Clone Database Manually without any tool such as RMAN?

Collect live database paths before start
$ ps -ef | grep pmon
$ echo $ORACLE_SID
$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
$ . oraenv

SQL> select name from v$datafile; --db files
SQL> select member from v$logfile; --redo log files
SQL> select name from v$controlfile; --control files
SQL> select name from v$tempfile; --temp files

Copy parameter file (pfile) from live database
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/Alper-init.ora' from spfile;
or
* Copy livedb pfile under $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory as desired file name like 'Alper-init.ora'

Edit pfile
* Change related parameter such as db_name and control files path (Alper-init.ora)

Copy control file from live database
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/Alper-ctl';
or
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace; 
-- Run SQL> show parameter user_dump_dest; to find it

Edit control file
* Prepare a new script with this script
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ALPERDB" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
-- Use this if you want to re-use livedb controlfiles in new clone db (if you already moved the controlfiles to new clone db)
or
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "ALPERDB" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
-- Use this if you want to use fresh control file in new clone db
-- SQL> show parameter control; -- to find control file

Copy all database files to remote machine
$ scp -r /oradata/ALPERDB/ oracle@10.10.10.10:/oradata/NEW_ALPERDB

Open database
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Define temp tablespace for new database
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/NEW_ALPERDB/temp_01.dbf'
     SIZE 10240M REUSE AUTOEXTEND OFF;
For detail information please click this

That's all :)

How to configure listener port when it changes (like 1522) ?

After listener.ora and tnsnames.ora file changes, only run this command
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.10.10.10)(PORT=1522))' SCOPE=BOTH;

Check current setting
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER local_listener;

Check listener
lsnrctl status

That's all.

How to configure instant client for Toad?

-> unrar .zip file 
e.g. C:\oracle_client\12.1.0\client_1
-> add this to "Environment Variables->Path"

That's all :)

How see latest sql histories from audit view?

Check audit paramater
SQL> show parameter audit;
-- basic options; 'DB','DB,EXTENDED', 'OS', 'NONE'

Enable the paramater permanently
add this into initora file;
*.audit_trail='DB'

Flush the aud table
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.aud$

Backup related table
CREATE TABLE ALPER_AUD
AS
   SELECT * FROM dba_audit_trail

Examine the sessions
SELECT * FROM ALPER_AUD

How to define snapshot and synonym?

Define source table at DB1 machine
CREATE TABLE t_alper_source
AS
   SELECT * FROM employees;

ALTER TABLE t_alper_source ADD CONSTRAINT pk_alper_source PRIMARY KEY (employee_id);

CREATE SNAPSHOT LOG ON t_alper_source;

Define snapshot at DB2 machine
CREATE SNAPSHOT "SS_ALPER_SOURCE"
   TABLESPACE "USERS"
   BUILD IMMEDIATE
   USING INDEX TABLESPACE "USER_INDEX"
   REFRESH FAST
AS
   SELECT * FROM T_ALPER_SOURCE@DB1;

-- There should be two objects that are "Table" and "Materialized View" after executes.

Define synonym at DB2 machine
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM ALPER_TABLE FOR SS_ALPER_SOURCE;

Dynamic SQL for snapshots
SQL>
select 'create snapshot '||owner||'.ss_new_employees as select * from '||owner||'.new_employees@'||owner||'db;
create synonym '||owner||'.new_employees for '||owner||'.ss_new_employees;' from dba_snapshots where name='SS_EMPLOYEES';

What are the snapshot (Materialized Views) refresh methods?

begin
DBMS_SNAPSHOT.REFRESH( 'v_alper_ss','f'); 
end;
/

f -> fast refresh
? -> force refresh
c -> complete refresh
a -> always refresh

How to define/check/drop jobs?

Define a new job (will run every hour)
DECLARE
   X   NUMBER;
BEGIN
   BEGIN
      SYS.DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT (
         job         => X,
         what        => 'HR.P_COMPILE_INVALID_OBJECTS;',
         next_date   => TO_DATE ('24.10.2016 10:00:00',
                                 'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'),
         interval    => '(SYSDATE)+1/24',
         no_parse    => FALSE);
      SYS.DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Job Number is: ' || TO_CHAR (x));
   EXCEPTION
      WHEN OTHERS
      THEN
         RAISE;
   END;

   COMMIT;
END;

Check job parameter
SQL> select * from v$parameter where name like '%job%';

if value is "0":
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=20;

Add this setting into init.ora file:
*.job_queue_processes=20

Info: If job_queue_processes parameter value is bigger than "1", jobs runs automatically such as refresh materialized view job. On the other hand, user can run this job manually as well while job_queue_processes="0".

Check current job status 
SQL> select * from user_jobs;
or
SQL> select * from dba_jobs;

Check running jobs 
SQL> select * from dba_jobs_running;
-- take a note that sid output (e.g. 2283)

Get detail info about running job
SQL> SELECT s.username, osuser, process machine, p.terminal, type, sid, s.serial#, s.program
FROM v$session s, v$process p
WHERE s.sid = 2283
AND s.paddr = p.addr;
-- s.program; CQJ0 (Job queue controller), J000, J001 ... J999 (Job Queue) 
-- These are called as background processes

Drop the job with sys or system user (as sysdba)
-- Before do this, make sure related job is broken, no enq. tx row lock session on SYS.JOB$ table that killed.

SQL>
SELECT DISTINCT
          'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''
       || b.sid
       || ','
       || b.serial#
       || ''' IMMEDIATE;'
          AS KILL_THEM_ALL
  FROM sys.dba_dml_locks a, sys.v_$session B
 WHERE     B.SID = a.session_id
       AND owner NOT IN ('WMSYS',
                         'CTXSYS',
                         'DBSNMP')
       AND B.TYPE <> 'BACKGROUND'
       AND name = 'JOB$';

-- Run that 
SQL>
begin
sys.dbms_job.broken(1111,true); -- 1111 -> the job id
commit;
end;

SQL>

SELECT DISTINCT
          'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''
       || b.sid
       || ','
       || b.serial#
       || ''' IMMEDIATE;'
          AS KILL_THEM_ALL
  FROM sys.v_$session B
 WHERE b.sid = 2283;

SQL>
begin
sys.dbms_job.remove(1111); -- 1111 -> the job id
commit;
end;

Dynamic SQL for dropping jobs with sys or system user (as sysdba)
-- Before do this, make sure related job is broken and session is killed.
-- Run that 
SQL>
SELECT 'begin sys.dbms_ijob.broken(' || job || ', true); commit; end;' || chr(10) || '/' AS DROP_JOBS 
FROM dba_jobs;

SQL>

SELECT DISTINCT

          'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''

       || b.sid

       || ','

       || b.serial#

       || ''' IMMEDIATE;'

          AS KILL_THEM_ALL

  FROM sys.v_$session B, dba_jobs_running A

 WHERE a.sid = b.sid;

SQL>

SELECT 'begin sys.dbms_ijob.remove(' || job || '); commit; end;' || chr(10) || '/' AS DROP_JOBS 
FROM dba_jobs;
-- ijob uses for all jobs in dbms_scheduler (new version of dbms_jobs)

Info: Please click this for P_COMPILE_INVALID_OBJECTS 

How to compile invalid objects with custom procedure?

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P_COMPILE_INVALID_OBJECTS
   AUTHID CURRENT_USER
IS
   str_exec    VARCHAR2 (200);
   total_inv   NUMBER;
   err_code    VARCHAR2 (200);
   err_msg     VARCHAR2 (200);
BEGIN
   /*Author: Alper Özsöyler */

   FOR cur_object IN (  SELECT owner, object_name, object_type
                          FROM dba_objects
                         WHERE status = 'INVALID'
                      ORDER BY owner)
   LOOP
      str_exec := 'ALTER ';

      IF cur_object.object_type = 'PACKAGE BODY'
      THEN
         str_exec := str_exec || 'PACKAGE ';
      ELSE
         str_exec := str_exec || cur_object.object_type || ' ';
      END IF;

      str_exec :=
            str_exec
         || cur_object.owner
         || '.'
         || cur_object.object_name
         || ' COMPILE ';


      IF cur_object.object_type = 'PACKAGE BODY'
      THEN
         str_exec := str_exec || 'BODY ';
      END IF;

      BEGIN
         EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_exec;
      EXCEPTION
         WHEN OTHERS
         THEN
            DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (
                  cur_object.owner
               || '.'
               || cur_object.object_name
               || ' ('
               || cur_object.object_type
               || ') '
               || '-> still invalid!');

            err_code := SQLCODE;
            err_msg := SUBSTR (SQLERRM, 1, 200);

            INSERT INTO t_cmp_invalid_objects_log
                 VALUES (s_cpl_inv_objects_error_log.NEXTVAL,
                         cur_object.object_name,
                         cur_object.owner,
                         cur_object.object_type,
                         err_code || ' -ERROR- ' || err_msg);

            COMMIT;
      END;
   END LOOP;

   str_exec := 'select count(*) FROM dba_objects
                       WHERE status = ''INVALID''';

   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_exec INTO total_inv;

   DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('Total invalid number: ' || total_inv);
END;
/
DROP TABLE t_cmp_invalid_objects_log
/
CREATE TABLE t_cmp_invalid_objects_log
(
   log_id          INT PRIMARY KEY,
   object_name     VARCHAR2 (100),
   object_schema   VARCHAR2 (100),
   object_type     VARCHAR2 (100),
   error           VARCHAR2 (1000)
)
/
DROP SEQUENCE s_cpl_inv_objects_error_log
/
CREATE SEQUENCE s_cpl_inv_objects_error_log MINVALUE 0
                                            START WITH 0
                                            INCREMENT BY 1
                                            CACHE 5;

Usage:
exec P_COMPILE_INVALID_OBJECTS();

Check error logs:
SQL> show error;
or
SQL> SELECT *
  FROM ALL_ERRORS
 WHERE OWNER = USER;

How to drop invalid objects from database?

Specify invalid objects
SQL>
  SELECT *
    FROM dba_objects
   WHERE status = 'INVALID'
ORDER BY owner;

Drop invalid objects
SQL> 
  SELECT 'DROP ' || object_type || ' ' || owner || '.' || object_name || ';'
    FROM dba_objects
   WHERE status = 'INVALID'
ORDER BY owner;