How to change ssh welcome message?

Execute below operations as root user.

1. vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# comment out Banner row
# no default banner path
Banner /etc/ssh/ssh-banner-message.txt

2. vi /etc/ssh/ssh-banner-message.txt
# add a new message to text file

3. service sshd restart
# restart ssh service to see banner message

How to use to_date function?

e.g.
select to_date('2014-12-18','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual;
output: 12/18/2014

select to_date('2014-12-18 12:15','yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi') from dual;
output: 12/18/2014 12:15:00 PM

select to_date('2014-12-18 13:15:55','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
output: 12/18/2014 1:15:55 PM

select to_date('2014-12-18','yyyy-mm-dd') - 7 from dual;
output: 12/11/2014

select to_char(to_date('2014-12-18','yyyy-mm-dd') + 30,'DAY') from dual;
output: SATURDAY

select to_char(to_date('2014-12-18','yyyy-mm-dd') + 365,'MONTH') from dual;
output: DECEMBER

[ADVICE] PowerMenu to use "Always On Top"

You may use PowerMenu tool for using "Always On Top" on the window.

Download: http://www.abstractpath.com/powermenu/

Basic Calculator VBS example

MsgBox("Calculator!")
a=CInt(InputBox("First number:","Enter number"))
b=CInt(InputBox("Second number:","Enter number"))
c=a+b
msgbox(a & "+" & b & " = "&c)

How to run Visual Basic Script file in Windows?

Please follow the instructions:

1. Run notepad 
2. Copy below text into notepad
3. Save as .vbs format
4. Double click the file

Example VBS file:

Dim objFS, objFolder
Dim strDir
strDir = CStr(InputBox("Create a directory tool:","Input your new directory"))
Set objFS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFolder = objFS.CreateFolder(strDir)
WScript.Echo "I created the folder " & strDir & " using with this powerful tool!"
WScript.Echo "powered by ozsoyler.blogspot.com"
WScript.Quit

How to use secure copy in Linux Terminal?

To upload:
$ scp [desired files] [login_user]@[host]:/[remote path]
e.g.
$ scp *.txt alper@10.10.10.10:/home/alper/mynewtextfiles

To download:
$ scp [login_user]@[host]:/[remote path] [local directory] 
e.g.
$ scp alper@10.10.10.10:/home/alper/mynewtextfiles/* /home/alper2/mydirectory/ 

How to know hostname from IP in Terminal?

$ nmblookup -A <IP>
e.g. nmblookup -A 10.10.10.10

e.g. nmblookup -A $(who | awk -F\( '{ print $2}' |  rev | cut -c 2- | rev )

Alexa Rank

Global rank: 6,859,462

How to know system hardware and software information?

to get os version:
# cat /etc/*release*

to get os kernel version:
# cat /proc/version

to get cpu info:
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
or
# lscpu

to get ram info:
# cat /proc/meminfo

How to find full path of a program in Windows?

CMD> where ping
C:\Windows\System32\PING.EXE
CMD> where sqlplus
D:\instantclient_11_2\sqlplus.exe

What are taskmgr.exe keyboard shortcuts?

1st way: CTRL + ALT + DEL
2nd way: CTRL + SHIFT + ESC

What is Sticky Bit?

If sticky bit is active, that file can be only deleted by root or owner.

to activate;
chmod +t file.txt
-rw-r--r-T
to unactivate;
chmod -t file.txt
-rw-r--r--

You may also want to read this entry;
http://ozsoyler.blogspot.com/2015/01/what-is-suid-and-guid.html

Useful shortcuts for vi editor

• vi myfile.txt
  to open file with vi editor
• vi + myfile.txt
  cursor goes to end of the file
• vi +200 myfile.txt
  cursor goes to 200th row
• :set list
  :set nolist
  see hidden characters or not
• :set number
  :set nonumber
  see number of lines or not
• :set paste
  activate paste option before get into insert mode (to resolve the commented lines problem)
• :set nopaste
  deactivate paste option before get into insert mode
• :[line_number]
  cursor goes to desired line
• l, k, h, j
  cursor goes to right, up, left, down
• w
  cursor goes to next word
• b
  cursor goes to start of the current word
• gg
  go top
• shift + g
  go bottom
• dd
  remove row
• p
  paste the clipboard data
• x
  remove one char
• yy
  copy the row
• u
  undo last operation
• o
  add new row
• :%d
  delete all lines
• /hello
  find "hello" word
  n
  go to next searched word
  N
  go to previous searched word

How to unlock database user account?

Please run the sql lines in SQL Editor as "sys" user;

SQL> ALTER USER "alper" ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

What are RAID levels 0/1/5/10?

Level	Minimum Disk Req.	Performance	Redundancy	Suggestions
0	2	Excellent	None	Not recommended for critical systems
1	2	Good	Excellent
5	3	Good	Good	Best cost effective option providing both performance and redundancy. Use this for DB that is heavily read oriented. Write operations will be slow.
10	4	Excellent	Excellent	If you can afford the dollar, this is the BEST option for any mission critical applications (especially databases).

Ref: http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/08/raid-levels-tutorial/

What is Oracle doing when you run commit?

The basic flow like that;

1. Oracle writes that "Commit has been executed" in related table from UNDO tablespace. 
2. SGA buffer cache - calling LGWR (Log Writer)
3. LGWR writes changed data (delta) to REDO log files
4. Tables' locks are released and marked as "TRANSACTION is completed" by Oracle

How to use Intersect function?

For instance, you want to see same jobs for employees that belong to different manager in employees table.

Please run the sql lines in SQL Editor as "hr" user;

SELECT job_id FROM employees
WHERE manager_id = 121
INTERSECT
SELECT job_id FROM employees
WHERE manager_id  = 122;

Used Database User: HR

Linux date function examples

e.g.
date -d now
date -d today
date -d yesterday
date -d mon
date -d tue
date -d wed
date -d thu
date -d fri
date -d sat
date -d sun
date --date="1 day ago"
date --date="1 week ago"
date --date="1 month ago"
date --date="1 year ago"
date -d "+10 days"
date -d "+10 weeks"
date -d "+10 months"
date -d "+10 years"

[CONCAT] How to merge two strings as a single string?

Please run the sql lines in SQL Editor as "hr" user;

e.g.
select CONCAT('Bilgi havuzu ','at ozsoyler.blogspot.com') from dual;
result
Bilgi havuzu at ozsoyler.blogspot.com

Used database user: hr
Used database server: oracle xe

[INITCAP] How to make uppercase the first character of each word in a string?

Please run the sql lines in SQL Editor as "hr" user;

e.g.
select INITCAP('ozsoyler.blogspot.com') from dual;
result
ozsoyler.Blogspot.Com

Used database user: hr
Used database server: oracle xe

[ADVICE] Free Windows Disk Defragmenter Alternative

I strongly recommend to use Smart Defrag tool instead of classical Windows Defragmenter tool.

How to check NTFS file system in CMD?

Only you need to run this command.

e.g. chkntfs C:

C:\Windows\system32>chkntfs C:
The type of the file system is NTFS.
C: is not dirty.

How to defrag disk partiton in CMD?

Only you need to run this command as Administrator.

e.g. defrag C:

How to change font color in CMD?

Only you need to run this command in cmd.

e.g. color A

0 = Black
1 = Blue
2 = Green
3 = Aqua
4 = Red
5 = Purple
6 = Yellow
7 = White
8 = Gray
9 = Light Blue
A = Light Green
B = Light Aqua
C = Light Red
D = Light Purple
E = Light Yellow
F = Bright White

How to define a tablespace in Windows?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

To define the tablespace:
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE ALPER_DATA 
DATAFILE 'C:\tablespaces\data_01.dbf' SIZE 128M

To alter the tablespace:
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE ALPER_DATA ADD DATAFILE 'C:\tablespaces\data_new_02.dbf' size 128m;

To drop the datafile from the tablespace:
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE ALPER_DATA DROP DATAFILE 'C:\tablespaces\data_new_02.dbf';

To drop the tablespace:
SQL> DROP TABLESPACE ALPER_DATA 
INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

To check tablespace's database files:
SQL> SELECT NAME, FILE#, STATUS FROM V$DATAFILE;

Used Oracle Version and OS: Oracle XE and Win7

How to prepare a video with steps via windows tool?

Please you run this command first in cmd.

CMD> psr

Then you can record the steps by clicking start record.

After finish your video, you are able to check .mht file by extracting zip file.

How to know hostname from IP in Command Prompt?

Press Windows button + R and press cmd then click "OK".
Then, write down "below command" and press enter

nbtstat -a <IP>
e.g. nbtstat -a 10.10.10.10

How to delete linux user?

# sudo userdel -r alper

-r -> Remove home directory and mail spool

How to run sql query in shell script?

Please add these codes into your .sh file then you can run .sh file

e.g. 
ssh -q -T oracle@192.168.2.2 << EOF
sqlplus / as sysdba << EOFSQL
drop user ALPER_DB_USER cascade;
exit;
EOFSQL
EOF

How to know file format description in CMD?

Please you run this command in CMD.

e.g. assoc .rar
.rar=WinRAR

e.g. assoc .txt
.txt=txtfile

What are testing types and methods?

There are two test methods which are Black Box Testing and White Box Testing

Basically, there are two test types which are Functional and Non-functional.

For example, White & Black Box (Mostly), Unit, Interface & Usability, System, Regression and User Acceptance testing are Functional testing types.

Likewise, Load & Performance, Stress, Installation and Compatibility & Migration testing are Non-functional testing types.

White & Black Box Testing

White Box Testing (we know codes and are able to debug testing in codes)

Black Box Testing (we do not know codes and act as a customer)

Black Box Testing Types & Methods

• Equivalence partitioning (keyword is clustering)
• Boundary Value Analysis (keyword is looking boundary conditions)
• Cause Effect Graphing (keyword is causes -> intermediate nodes -> effects and reduced decision table)

What is the goal of testing?

The goal of testing is to reach minimum bug number and using time effectively as person/day.

What are Verification and Validation in software world?

Verification is that the process of evaluating work-products (not the actual final product) of a development phase to determine whether they meet the specified requirements for that phase.

Activity of Verification: Reviews, Walkthroughs and Inspections

Question: Are we building the product right?

Validation is that the process of evaluating software during or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies specified business requirements.

Activity of Validation: Testing

Question: Are we building the right product?

Ref: http://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/verification-vs-validation/

How to know SuSE release version?

Only run this command in terminal;

$ cat /etc/SuSE-release
or
$ cat -n /etc/SuSE-release
(-n) to see rows numbers as well

How to define and drop temporary tablespace?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE ALPER_TS_TEMP TEMPFILE 
 'C:\tablespaces\data_01.dbf' 
 SIZE 8000M 
 AUTOEXTEND OFF
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;

To alter the tablespace:
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE ALPER_TS_TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'C:\tablespaces\data_temp_new_02.dbf' size 128m;

To drop the tablespace:
SQL> DROP TABLESPACE ALPER_TS_TEMP INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

Used Oracle Version and OS: Oracle XE and Win7

Ref: http://onlineappsdba.com/index.php/2008/02/08/tablespace-and-datafiles-in-oracle-database-back-to-basics/

How to run .sql file in sqlplus?

Press Windows button + R and press cmd then click "OK".

Write down "below command" and press enter

Full path approach
echo exit | sqlplus hr/hr @C:\sql\example.sql

Oracle path approach
echo exit | sqlplus hr/hr @?/example.sql
? -> $ORACLE_HOME

Example sql: select * from employees;
Used Oracle Version and OS: Oracle XE and Win7

How to change a specified string inside all files by recursively?

Only run this command in terminal;

$ find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/'old'/'new'/g' {} \;

You can also use escape character to use '/'.

$ find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/'\\/old'/'\\/new'/g' {} \;
(\\ -> escape characters)

How to connect into RMAN tool in Windows?

Press Windows button + R and press cmd then click "OK".
Write down "rman" and press enter

Lastly run that command to connect environment.

RMAN> connect target /

connected to target database: XE (DBID=2732638794)

How to login Windows machine with RDP (mstsc) even though firewall is active?

Please follow the instructions to use mstsc tool for Windows machines.

Press Windows key -> Right-clicking on Computer and select Properties -> Click Remote settings -> Enable Remote connections options -> You can connect with mstsc now!

How to clear screen in sqlplus?

SQL> clear screen;

How to set DB ID in RMAN?

RMAN> set dbid=111111;
-- 111111 -> desired dbid

How to see database open-mode information?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> SELECT open_mode FROM v$database;

How to see database tablespaces?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$tablespace;

How to see database instance information?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$instance;

To see db startup time:
SQL>
SELECT to_char(startup_time,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "DB Startup Time"
FROM v$instance;

How to see version of database?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> select version from v$instance;

How to see resource limits?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$resource_limit;

How to see all tablespace quotas?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_TS_QUOTAS;

How to see all profiles and assigned limits?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_PROFILES ORDER BY PROFILE;

How to check database link?

SQL> SELECT 1 FROM dual@mydblink

How to configure EM (Enterprose Manager) if has any problem?

On linux terminal;
set ORACLE_SID=<YOURSID>
emca -deconfig dbcontrol db -repos drop;
then;
emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create;
or
emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate;

How to delete archive log files until specific time in RMAN?

RMAN> delete archivelog until time ‘SYSDATE-10’;
i: it will delete them until 10 days ago

Also it has a no prompt option;
RMAN> delete noprompt archivelog until time ‘SYSDATE-10′;

How to check/open archive log in sqlplus?

Check in archive log open:
SQL> SELECT LOG_MODE FROM SYS.V$DATABASE;
or
SQL> archive log list;

Open achieve log mode:
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

Enterprise Manager and OEM Agent commands in Oracle

Please login to database server with ssh as oracle user and run that commands.

Go to /bin path
su - grid12
cd agent/agent_inst/bin

How to start/stop Enterprise Manager
./emctl start dbconsole;
./emctl stop dbconsole;

for 12c grid EM
/home/grid12/oms/bin/emctl start oms
/home/grid12/oms/bin/emctl stop oms

How to start/stop Oem Agent
Be sure run root.sh as root user and run below commands as oracle user:
./emctl stop agent
./emctl start agent

How to check Oem Agent
./emctl status agent

How to restore Oem Agent
Run as grid12 user:
./emctl clearstate agent; and then
./emctl upload agent;

How to alter a profile in Oracle?

Please login to database server with ssh as oracle user and run that commands.

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> ALTER PROFILE engineer LIMIT 
SESSIONS_PER_USER 5
IDLE_TIME 60
CONNECT_TIME 1200;

SQL> exit

-- SESSIONS_PER_USER; Specify the number of concurrent sessions to which you want to limit the user.
-- IDLE_TIME; Specify the permitted periods of continuous inactive time during a session, expressed in minutes. Long-running queries and other operations are not subject to this limit.
-- CONNECT_TIME; Specify the total elapsed time limit for a session, expressed in minutes.

How to define new profile or change old profile in Oracle?

Please login to database server with ssh as oracle user and run that commands.

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> CREATE PROFILE engineer LIMIT 
SESSIONS_PER_USER 1
IDLE_TIME 30
CONNECT_TIME 600;

SQL> exit

-- SESSIONS_PER_USER; Specify the number of concurrent sessions to which you want to limit the user.
-- IDLE_TIME; Specify the permitted periods of continuous inactive time during a session, expressed in minutes. Long-running queries and other operations are not subject to this limit.
-- CONNECT_TIME; Specify the total elapsed time limit for a session, expressed in minutes.

other parameters:
CPU_PER_SESSION; Specify the CPU time limit for a session, expressed in hundredth of seconds.
CPU_PER_CALL; Specify the CPU time limit for a call (a parse, execute, or fetch), expressed in hundredths of seconds.
LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION; Specify the permitted number of data blocks read in a session, including blocks read from memory and disk.
LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL; Specify the permitted number of data blocks read for a call to process a SQL statement (a parse, execute, or fetch).
PRIVATE_SGA; Specify the amount of private space a session can allocate in the shared pool of the system global area (SGA). Refer to size_clause for information on that clause.
COMPOSITE_LIMIT; Specify the total resource cost for a session, expressed in service units. Oracle Database calculates the total service units as a weighted sum of CPU_PER_SESSION, CONNECT_TIME, LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION, and PRIVATE_SGA.

Change current profile
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT IDLE_TIME 60;
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT CONNECT_TIME 6000;
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT SESSIONS_PER_USER 1;

Add this parameter into init.ora file permanently or apply this for already running instance temporary:
Option 1: 
*.resource_limit=TRUE 
Option 2:
alter system set resource_limit = true;

How to know system date in Oracle?

Please run that SQL in your editor's SQL window.

select sysdate from dual;

How to connect linux machine with XStart -interface?

If you have XManager tool, you can easily connect to linux machine like Windows machines.

Firstly, change runlevel in /etc/inittab as follow;
Id:3:initdefault;
Then, reboot the machine.

After that please follow the steps:

Open XStart-> Click New and input a session name 
-> Input IP into Host, select SSH protocol and username/password 
-> Then select execution command like "/usr/bin/gnome-session --display $DISPLAY"
-> Click Run button -> Lastly, you should see the linux window

or

Open XShell-> Connect and login to machine with ssh 
-> Input IP into Host, select SSH protocol and username/password 
-> Then run this command "/usr/bin/gnome-session --display $DISPLAY"
-> Lastly, you should see the linux window

How to check ports in Linux machines?

Please run the command as linux system user.

For example, you want to check .80 port
# netstat -anp | grep :80
or
# netstat -tulpn | grep :80

How to see last updated (DDL) table object in Oracle?

Please run below sql script as desired database user;

SQL> select * from all_objects order by last_ddl_time desc;

How to use Java binary for all linux system users?

To execute java binary (bin) for all users, please run these commands below;

sudo ln -s -v /opt/jdk1.7/bin/java /usr/bin/java
sudo ln -s -v /opt/jdk/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac
              <target_name>      <sembolic-file_name>

<target_name> ; java installation directory
<sembolic-file_name> ; binary directory of all users

How to see PGA size per oracle session?

Please execute following SQL lines as "sys";

select
    1048576+a.value+b.value   pga_size
from
   v$parameter a,
   v$parameter b
where
   a.name = 'sort_area_size'
and
   b.name = 'hash_area_size';

How to set SHMMAX value and what is that?

Setting the kernel.shmmax parameter does not reserve or allocate any shared memory. SHMMAX is a safeguard parameter that sets the upper limit for a process can allocate how much shared memory when requested.

Please execute following commands as “root”;
sysctl -w kernel.shmmax=2147483648
(2147483648 -> 2 GB)

or
modify /etc/sysctl.conf file

sysctl -p
(to apply it)

How to see process that used memory or CPU at most?

Please run the command as linux system user.

# top
at manual -> shift + f and then n (mem) or k (cpu)

to highlight the column: press b

to sort by time: press shift + t

to see all CPUs: press 1

to get the different graphical output: press t

Note: Type and press enter bold ones to run

What should you do if electricty down or reboot exists in lvm system?

For this case,
You should mount the logic volume (lv) to related path. 

For example, you are using ftp server;
Run this command after system is up:

mount /dev/my_vg_ora/vol01 /srv/ftp/myhome/​
(mount - logic volume path - mounted path)

How to see FRA (Flash Recovery Area) configuration?

Please execute the commands as "sys";

Check archive log configuration
SQL> archive log list;

Check archive log destination
SQL> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;

Check archive log limit and left space
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST;

Check archive log files 
RMAN> list archivelog all;

How to add datafile as logic volume (LV) on the tablespace in Linux?

On linux terminal;
chown -R oracle:dba /dev/my_vg_ora/example01
chown -R oracle:dba /dev/mapper/my_vg_ora-example01
chmod 777 /dev/my_vg_ora
chmod 660 /dev/my_vg_ora/*

$ sqlplus
Enter user-name: sys as sysdba
@sys
to add database file please execute under query as system database role

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE MYTABLESPACE ADD DATAFILE '/dev/my_vg_ora/example01' size 8000m reuse

To execute the command, make sure the instance is open and the tablespace is online and also check database datafiles;

SELECT * FROM dba_data_files;

How to kill session when system could not drop database user?

Please execute following commands as "sys user":

select inst_id, sid, serial# from gv$session where username = 'TEST_ALPER';
(inst_id -> instance id, sid -> service id, serial# -> serial number)

then use;

alter system kill session '44,61808,@1';
(44 -> inst_id, 61808 -> service id, @1 -> serial number)

finally drop user;

drop user TEST_ALPER cascade;

How to select top 10 records in Oracle 11g and 12c?

In 11g:

As you now that TOP keyword does not exist in 11g, but you can use rownum keyword to query top records.

For example, you want to see top 10 salary records based on employees:

Run that SQL in your editor's SQL window.

Wrong one;
SELECT *
FROM (
 SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
 FROM employees
 )
WHERE rownum < 11
ORDER BY salary DESC;

* ORDER BY runs at last so that it should be in sub query.

Correct one;
SELECT *
FROM (
 SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
 FROM employees
 ORDER BY salary DESC
 )
WHERE rownum < 11;

In 12c:
With 12c, you may use special syntax to see top records that is "FETCH" syntax.

SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY;

Also, you may disregard first 5 records inside 10 records.

SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
OFFSET 5 ROWS 
FETCH NEXT 5 ROWS ONLY;

That's all. Bye :)

Windows makineye, Fedora 20 kurulum adımları

1. Fedora 20 DVD(.iso) dosyasını sitesinden indir.
2. Fedora 20 DVD(.iso) hazırlamak için Infra Recorder programını indir.
3. Programı kurup, açtıktan sonra; Write Image seçeneğinden DVD burn edilir.
4. Hard diski formatlamak için, Run'dan mmc yazıp, çalıştırılır.
5. Add Snap-In -> Disk Management -> OK ile disk formatlanır.
6. BIOS ayarlarından, bilgisayarın DVD'den boot olacak şekilde ayarla.
7. Kurulum sırasında takılma(donma) hatasını almamak için Floopy drive -> disable yapılır.

Alternatif kurulum

1. Universal USB installer programını kullanarak .iso dosyasından Linux kurulumu yapılabilir.
2. Program gerekli dosyaları USB belleğe attıktan sonra, \boot\bootinst.bat çalıştırılır ve bilgisayar USB'den boot edilip, işletim sistemi kurulur.
3. Hızlı bir linux deneyimi için SLAX dağıtımını tavsiye ederim.

Kurulum sırasında çıkan sorunlar ve çözümleri

Gigabyte anakartlarında USB Boot olmama problemi ve çözümü;

• Öncellikle, BIOS ayarındaki Legacy USB storage detect seçeneğinin enable olduğuna emin olun. (BIOS Setup Menu -DEL tuşuyla -> Integrated Peripherals -> Legacy USB storage detect -> enable)
• Daha sonra; USB sürücünüzü HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool ile formatlayın. (Linux için FAT32 seçilmeli)
• Alternatif kurulum bittikten sonra; PC startup zamanında F12 ile Boot Menu'ye gidin. Açılan menuden + Hard Disk seçeneğine tıklayın.
• Son olarak; açılan listeden USB Storage yani USB cihazınızı seçin. (Örn. USB-HDD0)

Linux işletim sistemi düzgün uninstall edilmediğinde boot sırasında ortaya çıkan grub rescue sorunu ve bu sorunun kalıcı çözümü;

• Windows live CD veya Windows kurulum DVD ile Command Prompt penceresinden bootrec /fixmbr komutu çalıştırılır. Daha sonra bilgisayar restart edilir.

Daha fazla ayrıntı için tıklayınız.

Geçici çözüm olarak BIOS'dan boot sırası değiştirilir.

• USB flash bellek format sorunu ortaya çıkarsa şu komutlarla flash belleğe format atılır.
  - CMD > diskpart > list disk > select disk 1 (genelde bu olur) > clean > create partition primary > select partition 1 > active > assign > formatla

Daha fazla ayrıntı için tıklayınız.

How can I do watermark my pictures?

You can easily watermark your photographs or pictures with this link. It is a free and online tool.

Bye. :)

What is the SID (Service Identifier) in Oracle?

Oracle uses service (oracle service) for connecting instance database by looking to sid. You can find which service names (sid) are using in database services with this command easily.

Connection format: IP:LSTN_PORT/SID
e.g.
C:\Users\Alper> lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 11-EKI-2014 12:01:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                11-EKI-2014 11:49:12
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 16 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           XE
Listener Parameter File   C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File         C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\diag\tnslsnr\Alper-PC\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1ipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Alper-PC)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Alper-PC)(PORT=8080))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "xe" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully