First, we need an example data for study.
SQL> insert into departments values ('280','Ad_New',200,1700);
e.g.
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'A%';
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID
10 Administration 200 1700
110 Accounting 205 1700
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'Ad_%';
10 Administration 200 1700
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'Ad/_%' escape '/';
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'Ad__%' escape '_';
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> insert into departments values ('280','Ad_New',200,1700);
e.g.
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'A%';
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID
10 Administration 200 1700
110 Accounting 205 1700
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'Ad_%';
10 Administration 200 1700
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'Ad/_%' escape '/';
280 Ad_New 200 1700
SQL> select * from departments where department_name like 'Ad__%' escape '_';
280 Ad_New 200 1700